History: Nginx

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            ! Nginx

Nginx (read engine X) is a light weight webserver, reverse proxy and load balancer. It can be an alternative to Apache when using PHP-FPM protocol or can be a proxy to Apache.  

!! Config examples

!!! PHP FPM

Nginx provide modules to communicate to PHP-FPM (FastCGI Process Manager). PHP-FPM can listen for connections using TCP port or sockets. The following example demonstrates a Nginx config file to deploy Tiki using PHP-FPM.

{CODE(colors=nginx)}
# Enforcing HTTPS
# To enforce insecure connections to Tiki, you can make Nginx redirect all traffic 
# from http:// to https://. But note that:  
# 1) It is important to check https configuration in tiki preferences to avoid 
# conflicts. Tiki needs to allow https everywhere (it does by default).
# The most common issue in case of configuration conflict is problems to login into Tiki.
# 2) Tiki can do the equivalent of this in it's own preference (pref: session_protected)
#
#server {
#    listen       80;
#    server_name  example.com;
#    return 301   https://$server_name$request_uri;
#}

server {
    listen       80;  #Comment this out if enabling forced https above
    listen       443 ssl;
    server_name  example.com;  #tiki.local is a typical choice for local development.  You then add 127.0.0.1       tiki.local to /etc/hosts

    ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/ssl/example.com.crt;
    ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/ssl/example.com.key;

    root /var/www/html; #Change this to where you have tiki installed

    index tiki-index.php index.php index.html;

    location / {
        # Use route.php to have SEO-friendly URLs
        try_files $uri $uri/ /route.php?q=$uri&$args;
    }

    location ~ \.(bak|exe|inc|ini|lib|pl|py|sh|sql|tpl)$ {
        deny all;
    }

    location ~ \.php$ {
        include fastcgi_params;

        fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$;
        fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME    $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;

        # Avoid issues with HTTP header injections in PHP-FPM See https://httpoxy.org/ for more information.
        fastcgi_param  HTTP_PROXY         "";

        fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
    }

    error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
    location = /50x.html {
        root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
    }
}
{CODE}

!!! Proxying Apache

Sometimes, Tiki deployments are too coupled to -+.htaccess+- file and it is not possible to use the PHP-FPM and Nginx only. In this case it is possible to use Nginx as a reverse proxy to Apache. Nginx can directly deliver to browser static files and send to Apache just the requests to PHP files. The next example demonstrates this idea, supposing Apache is running on port 8080.

{CODE(colors=nginx)}
server {
    listen       80;
    listen       443 ssl;
    server_name  example.com

    ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/ssl/example.com.crt;
    ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/ssl/example.com.key;

    root /var/www/html;
    index tiki-index.php index.php index.html;

    location / {
        # Use route.php to have SEO-friendly URLs
        try_files $uri $uri/ /route.php?q=$uri&$args;
    }

    location ~ \.(bak|exe|inc|ini|lib|pl|py|sh|sql|tpl)$ {
        deny all;
    }

    location ~ \.php$ {
        proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;

        proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1:8080;
    }

    error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
    location = /50x.html {
        root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
    }
}
{CODE}




!! Troubleshooting

!!! NetBSD PHP

The original NetBSD 6.0 nginx.conf has got a line
{CODE()}fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;{CODE}
This leads to a __File not found__ error page, and the line must be replaced with
{CODE()}fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  $request_filename;{CODE}
or
{CODE()}
fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$;
fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME    $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
{CODE}
to enable PHP.

!!! Debian PHP
The same error as in NetBSD was observed as Debian 6.0 (Squeeze), the file is:
/etc/nginx/sites-available/default.

The problem is solved by using dotdeb:
[http://www.howtoforge.com/installing-php-5.3-nginx-and-php-fpm-on-ubuntu-debian]

!!! PHP General
((Nginx-php-fpm))


* [http://www.stevestreeting.com/2012/05/09/apache-to-nginx-php-fpm-part-1/]
* [http://www.stevestreeting.com/2012/05/24/apache-to-nginx-part-2/]