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Tiki Flavored Markdown is essentially [https://github.github.com/gfm/|GitHub Flavored Markdown] (GFM) with additional syntax.
GFM is a strict superset of CommonMark. All the features which are supported in GitHub user content and that are not specified on the original CommonMark Spec are hence known as extensions, and highlighted as such.
CommonMark is a "A strongly defined, highly compatible specification of Markdown": https://commonmark.org/
It is since a few years, the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_facto_standard|de facto standard] for textual syntax.